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- $Unique_ID{BRK02122}
- $Pretitle{}
- $Title{Tuberculosis Cases Rise}
- $Subject{tuberculosis infection infections Mycobacterium bacteria
- bovis corticosteroid corticosteroids malnutrition alcoholism cancer AIDS lungs
- greenish sputum cough coughing Fever blood streaked hemoptysis pleura
- difficult breathe breathing difficulty dyspnea chest x-ray Tuberculin test
- tests isoniazid INH rifampin streptomycin ethambutol pyrazinamide}
- $Volume{}
- $Log{}
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- Copyright (c) 1993 Tribune Media Services, Inc.
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- Tuberculosis Cases Rise
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- QUESTION: I have a few questions about the infectious disease tuberculosis.
- How can you catch the disease? I heard that you can catch T.B. by just
- walking through an infected room, or just by breathing in the air. Is this
- true? What are the symptoms of T.B.? I would appreciate it if you would
- answer these questions for me. I'm sure there are a lot of people who are
- just as curious about this disease as I am.
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- ANSWER: With all the recent publicity about the rise in the numbers of new
- cases of tuberculosis now being seen, I am sure there are many others who
- share your curiosity. Tuberculosis is an infection caused by the tuberculosis
- bacteria (Mycobacterium tuberculosis). Another similar bacteria (M. bovis)
- causes tuberculosis in cows, but is rarely seen in the United States. The
- infection is caught by breathing in droplets of liquid containing the
- bacteria, which have been suspended in the air by the coughs of an infected
- person who has an active disease. However, most healthy people with strong
- immune systems are able to fight off the infection and never develop an
- active disease, even if they live in the same home as the infected person.
- Merely walking through a room where a sick person has been sleeping or living
- is not sufficient to catch the infection for most people.
- However, older individuals with waning immunity, or people on
- corticosteroids, those who suffer from malnutrition or chronic alcoholism, or
- from other weakening diseases (cancer or AIDS), are much more likely to become
- infected after a relatively short exposure to the germ.
- Tuberculosis can affect portions of the body other than the lungs
- (extra-pulmonary) but is most frequently a disease of the lungs (pulmonary).
- In the early stages there may be no symptoms at all, but gradually the patient
- feels weak, tires easily, and may begin to lose weight. As the infection
- proceeds and begins to destroy lung tissue, cough becomes pronounced, and
- gradually a greenish sputum is produced and brought up by the coughing. Fever
- increases, and the sputum can become blood streaked, or the patient may cough
- up varying amounts of blood (hemoptysis). If the outer covering of the lung
- (the pleura) is touched by the infection, pain develops. The patient has
- difficulty in breathing (dyspnea), particularly during periods when fever runs
- high.
- Not everyone experiences all of these symptoms, nor are the symptoms
- related to the severity of the infection. The speed with which the infections
- progresses also varies from individual to individual. That means that people
- with advanced disease that is the most contagious may go undetected for long
- periods of time.
- The disease is usually first detected by a chest x-ray, and the diagnosis
- is confirmed when a culture of the sputum reveals the bacteria. Tuberculin
- tests performed on school children help to discover families in which there is
- an unsuspected case of tuberculosis, and provides an important means of
- finding patients who require prompt treatment.
- There are many antibiotics which can be used to fight the infection,
- including isoniazid (INH), rifampin, streptomycin, ethambutol and
- pyrazinamide. Most cases require at least two antibiotics for treatment, but
- combinations of 3 or even 4 antibiotics can be used in infections that are
- resistant to treatment. Treatment may continue for 6 months to as long as two
- years for advanced cases.
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- The material contained here is "FOR INFORMATION ONLY" and should not replace
- the counsel and advice of your personal physician. Promptly consulting your
- doctor is the best path to a quick and successful resolution of any medical
- problem.
-